English version not available. Please check the Spanish version.
Undescended testicle: literature review
Undescended testicle: literature review
Luis J. Orbegoso-Celis 1 
, Roxana P. Bernuy-Guerrero 1 , Carlos M. Murillo-Canales 1 , Carlos E. Chang-Valdez 1 , Oswaldo Choque-Quispe 1 , Kilder N. García-Murga 1 , María L. Salazar-Llanos 2 , Fabio C. Ascarza-Molina 3 , Luis E. Barreto-Espinoza 1
1 Unidad de Urología Pediátrica, Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Perú; 2 Unidad de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, Lima, Perú; 3 Unidad de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional San Bartolomé, Lima, Perú
*Correspondence: Luis J. Orbegoso-Celis. Email: Luis.orbegoso.c@upch.pe
Abstract
Undescended testicle is a common condition in childhood, affecting 1-4% of full-term male infants and up to 33% of premature. In most cases, it is unilateral, but it may be bilateral in 10-20%. This condition is associated with an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and hormonal disturbances may increase its incidence. Men with a history of undescended testicle have a 5 to 10 times higher risk of developing testicular cancer compared to the general population. Diagnosis is made by palpating the scrotal and inguinal regions with the patient in the supine or frog-leg position. If the testicle does not descend by 6 months of age (adjusted for gestational age), surgery is recommended between 12 and 18 months.
Keywords: Undescended testicle. Orchidopexy. Testicular cancer. Infertility. Laparoscopy.
